地质灾害信息系统研究——以重庆市丰都县为例

STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL HAZARD INFORMATION SYSTEM:AN EXAMPLE FROM THE FENGDU COUNTY IN THE CHONGQING CITY

近 1 0年来 ,随着信息科学和计算机技术的快速发展 ,地理信息系统的开发应用研究越来越广泛 ,地质灾害信息系统是地理信息系统在地质灾害领域的应用研究。本文在简要介绍地质灾害信息系统基本内容和功能的基础上 ,以重庆市丰都县地质灾害信息系统建设为例 ,从地质灾害空间数据库建设、空间分析模块、群测群防监测预警体系和信息管理模块等方面论述区域地质灾害信息系统建设的基本步骤和应用功能 ,为丰都县地质灾害信息管理的系统化和规范化提供技术支撑体系 ,也为其它地区的类似研究提供范例。

With the development of the information and computer science in the recent decades, geographic information system (GIS) has been booming and widely used. The geological hazard information system (GHIS) is such an application technologically supported by the GIS. This paper introduces firstly briefly the primary contents and functions of GHIS and then a realized system, establishment of GHIS in the Fengdu County, as an example to explain how it works in relation to the issues of the spatial database of geological hazards, spatial analysis models, monitoring and warning system for public prevention and information management. (1) The spatial database of geological hazards in the Fengdu County is established from a variety of different sources including existing study data and archives of geological hazards, reports of meteorological events and descriptions of important geological hazards. The main source of information was from the field investigation during 1999～2001, on the basis of the relief map of 1∶50 000. (2) The module of spatial analysis is that an integrated information model is used for assessment prone to occurring in the Fengdu County, which is divided into the areas of high, middle, low and non-prone to occurring from the assessment. Of them, the areas of high and middle prone to occurring are 2.6% and 23.2% of the total region, respectively, mostly being nearby township, highway and residential quarters along two flanks of the Changjiang River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential live. (3) The monitoring and warning system of three-grade public prevention consisting of county, towns and villages was set up. (4) The information management includes mostly analysis, edit, inquiring about and issuance of the information and digital drawing. The project of prevention and reducing of the geological hazards and rescuing method in the exigency are instituted in real time. The area and method of the warning issuance of the geological hazards in different size are prescribed. This study provides the government of the Fengdu County with a technologically supported system on the scientific and standardization management of the geological hazards.