浑厚和雅清真词——周邦彦词艺术风格论

Vigorousness and Elegance——On th Style of Zhou Bangyan's Poems

周邦彦是宋词雅化过程中一位十分重要的词人。其词艺术风格可用"浑厚和雅"四字概括之。"浑厚"包含两个层面,一是沉郁的情思。清真词表现出了浓厚的感伤沉郁情调,它是宋代以来知识者精神世界和感伤情怀的再现;二是缜密的法度。清真词善于调动多种艺术手段,注重意象的选择安排,努力增加表情的角度和层次,从而实现其抒情的浑厚沉郁。"和雅"主要是指清真词的"中和典雅"的气象,其具体表现形式有四:一是含蓄蕴籍、怨而不怒的艺术美感;二是溶入叙事这一"第三要素",即采用对话因素及蒙太奇之类的手段来营造中和典雅气象;三是使事用典,句句有来历,增加了词的审美含量;此外还用音律谐美来完善清真雅质。

Zhou Bangyan was an important poet in Song Dynasty.The artistic features of his poems are vigorousness and elegance.Vigorouness means that he expressed gloomy sentiment in his poems,which reappear the spiritual world and depressed affection of scholars since Song Dynasty and that his poems are alundant in various artistic means and attach importance on the arrangement of images and on angles and layers of expression to realize the vigorousness of the poems.Elegance refers to the implicity and grace of the poems,the third element--narration with elements of dialogues and means of montage,allusions which appear in every line and harmony of temperament as well.