略论《周易》史观

On the view of history in Zhouyi

《周易》的形成出于占筮,古人以此来求知国之兴衰、人之穷通,具有一种“通古今之变”的思维倾向。所以它有别于其他类型的迷信,那蕴含其中的某种逻辑推演和理智分析的因素,被后来的易学及其哲学发展出一套《周易》的世界观、人生观和历史观。这些观点集中到一点就是:以阴阳变异的法则说明一切事物。本文主要从《周易》的特有思维模式及其古奥的言词来探讨其中所蕴含的历史观。并规约出两点:第一,《周易》所体现的历史演变方式;第二,《周易》史观中的历史动力。

Zhouyi was formed through divination, by which ancient people sought the (reason for the) rise and decline of the state and advantageousness or disadvantageousness. It possesses an inclination of thinking of 'thoroughly comprehending the past and contemporary changes (of history)'. So, it is different from other kinds of superstition. Some element of logical inference and intellectual analysis embraced in it was developed into a set of views of the world, human life, and history by thereafter the Yi studies and its philosophy. These views can be centralized as one: to explain all things by the principle of changes and mutations between Yin and Yang. This paper mainly discusses, from the distinctive thinking mode and recondite remarks of Zhouyi, the history views embraced in it and summarizes them into 2 aspects: historical evolutionary mode embodied in Zhouyi, and the historical impetus in the view of history in Zhouyi.