马克思历史观的人学阐释

The Anthropological Explanation of Marx's Historical Point of View

对马克思历史观的传统理解 ,人们过多地关注马克思对资本主义社会现实的分析 ,并没有揭示其所蕴含的深刻的内涵。实质上 ,马克思是从人的生成来理解历史的 ,历史与人的生成过程是同一的 ,只有从人的本质及其存在方式出发 ,才能真正理解人类的历史。正是在《〈政治经济学批判〉导言》中 ,马克思完成了对历史的理论分析与实践分析的转换 ,从而阐释了历史的双重内涵 :从哲学的意义上 ,历史是人自身的生成过程 ;对于每一个民族国家的历史 ,都必须进行具体的分析。只有把这两方面结合起来 ,才能真正理解人类的历史进程。

Too much attention has been given to Marx's analysis on capitalism social reality concerning traditional understanding on Marx's historical point of view and this has not revealed its deep meaning beneath it. Actually, Marx attempted to understand the history by human's coming into being, and history and the process of human's coming into being are identical. Therefore, human's history could be really understood only if being approached by way of human's essence and existence. It is in his Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that Marx accomplished his transmission from theoretical analysis on history to practical analysis on it and further explained the dual intension of history: history is the process of human's own coming into being by philosophical understanding. Specific concrete analysis should be undertook on each of state history of a nation. Human's historical process could be really understood only by combining these two together.