长白山森林景观边界动态变化研究

Dynamics of forest landscape boundary at Changbai Mountain

通过野外调查、遥感和地理信息系统相结合的方法来研究长白山森林景观边界的动态变化规律 ,并通过相关性分析 ,探讨了长白山森林景观破碎化过程和景观边界指数变化的关系 .首先对遥感影像进行计算机分类 ,其次 ,构建了描述景观边界的指标体系 ,再次 ,从景观边界的长度、密度、对比度、形状和多样性 5个方面 ,对长白山森林景观边界的动态在景观类型尺度和景观尺度上进行分析 .结果表明 ,在 2 0多年的时间内 ,苔原面积减少了 36 94 .8hm2 ,云冷杉林的面积减少了 130 4 82 .0 3hm2 ,阔叶红松林面积增加了4 16 10 .4hm2 ,岳桦林面积增加了 6 6 9.78hm2 .由于森林砍伐和毁林造田以及其它人类活动 (如旅游 )的影响 ,长白山森林景观的破碎化程度趋于增加 ,景观边界形状趋于复杂 .景观破碎化过程和景观边界指数变化的相关性分析证实了可以用景观形状指数 (LSI)、对比度加权边界密度 (CWED)、边界加权总长度 (TE WGT)、加权景观形状指数 (LSI WGT)的变化来指示森林景观的破碎化程度 .景观边界形状指数的大小还可以用来反映人类活动对景观的影响程度 .最后 ,针对目前长白山森林景观破碎化程度趋于增大的情况 ,建议采取积极措施 ,防止长白山森林景观的进一步破碎化 ,以便更好地保护天然林 .

By using Geographic Information System (GIS) abstract and Remote Sensing (RS) abstract technology combined with field investigation and correlation analysis, this study was aimed to explore the dynamics of forest landscape boundary at Changbai Mountain, and to reveal the relationships among landscape fragmentation and changes of landscape boundary indices. The results showed that in the last 20 years or so, tundra decreased by 3694.8 hm 2, spruce and fir forest reduced by 130482.03 hm 2, and Korean pine-hardwood and mountain birch forest increased by 41610.4 hm 2 and 669.78 hm 2, respectively. The forest landscapes at Changbai Mountain tended to be more fragmented, and the shape of the landscape boundary became more complicated due to timber harvesting, forest cutting for cropping, and other human activities such as tourism. The changes of landscape shape index (LSI) abstract, contrast weighted edge density (CWED) abstract, total weighted edge length (TE-WGT) abstract and weighted landscape shape index (LSI-WGT) abstract could be used as good indicators for the degrees of forest landscape fragmentations, which was approved by correlation analysis among landscape fragmentation and changes of landscape boundary indices. The degree of human activities on landscape could be reflected by landscape shape index.