锌硼营养对苦瓜产量品质与叶片多胺、激素及衰老的影响

Effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear (Momordica charantia) yield and quality,and polyamines,hormone,and senescence of its leaves

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法 ,研究了锌硼营养对苦瓜 (株洲长白 )产量品质与叶片多胺、激素及衰老的影响 .结果表明 ,在锌硼缺乏的土壤中施用硫酸锌和硼砂均可提高苦瓜产量 ,并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、Vc和 17种氨基酸含量 ,尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量 ,降低NO3 -含量 ,改善苦瓜品质 .这与锌硼提高了叶片多胺 (PAs)、腐胺 (Put)、亚精胺 (Spd)、精胺 (Spm)、抗坏血酸 (ASA)、吲哚乙酸 (IAA)、赤霉素(GA3 )含量以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)酶的活性 ,减少脱落酸(ABA)、丙二醛 (MDA)含量 ,从而抑制膜脂过氧化有关 .试验结果同时表明苦瓜产量与叶片PAs、Put、Spd、Spm、GA3 、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著正相关 ,与叶片MDA与ABA含量呈极显著负相关 .叶片MDA含量与ABA呈极显著正相关 ,而与PAs、Put、Spd、Spm、ASA、IAA、GA3 、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著负相关 .

Field trial and physiological determination on the effects of zinc and boron nutrition on balsam pear ( Momordica charantia ) abstract yield and quality and on polyamines, hormone, and senescence of its leaves showed that application of ZnSO_4·7H_2O and Na_2B4_O_7·10H_2O on Zn and B deficient soils could increase balsam pear yield and its contents of protein, Vc and 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, but decrease the NO_3 --N content. The reason was that Zn and B could increase polyamines (PAs) abstract, putrescine (Put) abstract, spermidine (Spd) abstract, spermine (Spm) abstract, indole acetic acid (IAA) abstract, gibberellic acid (GA_3) abstract and ascorbic acid (ASA) abstract contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) abstract, peroxidase (POD) abstract and catalase(CAT) abstract activities, and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) abstract, abscisic acid (ABA) abstract contents in leaves, which inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation. The results also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between yields and PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, GA_3, SOD, POD, CAT, but a significant negative correlation with MDA and ABA contents in leaves. There was a significant positive correlation between MDA and ABA, but a significant negative correlation with PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, IAA, GA_3, ASA, SOD, POD, and CAT.