松毛虫狭颊寄蝇实验种群生态学研究

Experimental population ecology of Carcelia matsukarehae Shima (Diptera:Tachinidae)

松毛虫狭颊寄蝇 (Carceliamatsukarehae)是松毛虫重要的寄生天敌之一 ,在控制松毛虫自然种群增长中起重要的作用 .本文在 15℃、18℃、2 2℃、2 5℃、2 9℃、32℃ 6个恒温 ,相对湿度为 70 %～ 85 % ,光照为 12∶12 (L∶D)的条件下研究了松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的生态学特性 .结果表明 ,松毛虫狭颊寄蝇的世代发育起点温度是 5 .2 3℃ ,积温为 5 2 3.73日·度 ,成虫寿命在没有补充营养的条件下为 1.3～ 8.0 6d ,喂以 30 %蜜糖水 ,寿命可以从 9.6 3d延长到 36 .4 2d ,成虫产卵的最适温度为 2 3.6℃ ,每雌最大产量为 86粒 .种群增长最适温度 2 2～ 2 5℃ .以近似方法计算 2 2℃和 2 5℃下实验种群繁殖特征生命表参数 ,在 2 2℃ ,R0 、T0 、rc和λ值分别为 2 4 .89、37.33、0 .0 86和 1.0 89,在 2 5℃时分别为 2 0 .0 1、32 .38、0 .0 9和 1.10 .2 2℃时种群最大LxMx 出现在成虫羽化后第 33～ 38天 ,2 5℃时的LxMx 最大值出现在成虫羽化后第 2 9～ 34天 .

This paper dealt with the developmental zero, effective accumulated temperature, adult longevity, adult fecundity and specific life table parameters of tachinid fly Carcelia matsukarehae at temperature 15℃, 18℃, 22℃, 25℃, 29℃, and 32℃, relative humidity 70%～85%, and photoperiod L∶D=12∶12. The results showed that the developmental zero and effective accumulated temperature for generation were 5.23℃ and 525.73 day-degree, respectively.The adult longevity was 1.35～8.06 days without supplying nutrient but water, and while fed with 30% honey water, their longevity could prolong to 9.63～36.42 days.The optimum temperature for oviposition was 23.6 ℃, maximum eggs laid by a female were 86.The optimum temperature for population growth was 22～25℃. The specific life table parameters of experimental population under temperature 22℃ and 25℃ were calculated. At 22℃, R_0,T_0,r_c and λ were 24.89, 37.33, 0.086 and 1.089, respectively, and at 25℃, they were 20.01, 32.38, 0.09 and 1.10, respectively. The maximum LxMx occurred from the 33rd day to the 38th day after adult emergence at temperature 22℃, and from the 29th day to the 34th day at 25℃.