农业生态系统能量分析

Advances in energy analysis of agro-ecosystems

农业生态系统的能量分析从能流着手进行农业生态系统的功能量化分析 ,是农业生态系统重要的研究方法之一 .本文简要回顾讨论了农业生态系统能量分析研究的历史和进展 .着重讨论了能值分析方法对传统能量分析方法的新发展 ,分析了农业生态系统能量分析目前存在的问题 ,并就其进一步发展方向进行了探讨 .能值分析方法用生产某种能量或物质所直接或间接耗用的太阳能值量来衡量该能量或物质的价值 ,不仅在概念上而且在算法上都是原有能量分析方法的新发展 .发展到能值分析阶段的农业生态系统的能量分析方法亦存有自身的不足之处 ,如能值转换率的计算过于繁复 ,能值指标体系缺乏统一性及系统可持续发展的能值综合评价指标缺乏等 ,这些问题的解决与能值最大功率的明晰化、能值分析与能量及耗散分析的结合、与物质分析及景观结构分析的结合等研究等共同构成了农业生态系统能量分析的几大发展方向 .

The energy analysis of agro-ecosystems from the view point of energy flow is a quantitative study on the function of agro-ecosystem, and is one of the most important aspects in agro-ecosystem study. In this paper, the history and some current progresses of energy analysis on agro-ecosystems were reviewed briefly, and the difference and breakthrough of emergy analysis theory with the traditional energy analysis method, some current challenges in front of emergy analysis of agro-ecosystems, and some of the new trends were discussed. Using the direct and indirect cost of solar energy to evaluate any energy or material, emergy analysis is the new development of energy analysis, not only in concept but also on calculation method. Developing to emergy analysis phase, there were still some deficiencies on energy analysis of agro-ecosystem, such as the complicate calculation of transformation and the vacancy of energy index for sustainable development, etc.How to solve these problems combined with the clearing of the maximum Em-power principle, the combination among energy analysis, emergy analysis, material analysis and landscape analysis has made up of the current and future trends of energy analysis of agro-ecosystem.