安徽省环境地质特征与地质灾害

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AND GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS OF ANHUI PROVINCE

安徽省属于亚热带与暖温带的过度地带,过渡性气候特征明显。地形处于中国东部第三梯级内,区内地形复杂,地貌类型多样化。基岩山区山丘破碎,地形切割强烈,沟谷密集,形成深谷陡崖地貌景观;平原区岗坡、洼地地形突出;淮河、长江两岸支流发育,湖泊星罗棋布。多元化的自然、地貌和地质条件,加上人们不规范的生产活动而引发各种外生地质灾害和环境地质问题,如岩溶、土洞塌陷,崩塌,滑坡,地面沉降,地下水位持续下降,水资源污染,水土流失,土地沙化,地方病,河、湖岸冲刷、塌岸等。其发育和分布受区域环境地质条件的制约,同时也受水文、人类工程、经济活动等因素的影响。这些地质灾害是以岩土、水为载体,破坏和恶化人类赖以生存的地质生态环境,严重制约了经济、社会、环境的可持续发展。以安徽省区域环境地质特征、岩土体组成及其工程性质研究为基础,从人类经济、工程活动与地质环境的互馈作用分析入手,探讨区域环境地质作用规律,对地质灾害的发生、发展趋势进行预测,对进行地质生态环境防护和塑造人地和谐的人类生存环境,对保证区域经济、社会、环境可持续发展的战略具有重要意义。

Anhui province is the transitional zone from subtropical region to temperate zone,where the transitional climate characteristics are pronounced. Anhui province is situated on the third step of east China, where the terrain is complex and the geomorphic type is parti-colored. In mountainous area,the bedrock is broken,and the cutting of terrain is intense,the trenches and vales are serried,which forms the geomorphic landscape of ravines and klints. In plain,the buttes,slopes and depressions terrain are salient. The Huaihe River and Changjiang River have many branches and lakes on their water-fronts. The pluralistic natural,geomorphic and geological conditions result in all kinds of exogenic geological disasters,as karst cave and karstic earth cave collapse,toppling,landslide,land subsidence,continual descent of groundwater level,water resources pollution, soil erosion,endemic diseases,washoutting of banks of rivers and lakes,and toppling of banks,etc. The development and distribution of disaster are conditioned by the regional environmental geological conditions,and effected by hydrology,human being’s engineering activities and economic activities. The carriers of disaster are rock,soil and water. These disasters damage the geological ecological environment which human being lies on, and seriously restrict the sustainable development of economy,society and environment. Based on the research on the characteristics of regional environmental geology and the composition and engineering property of rock and soil mass,beginning with the crossfeed action among human being’s economy,engineering activities and geological environment,the article approaches the action regularity of regional environmental geology,forecasts the generation and development trend of geological disaster. These are of important significance to retain geological ecological environment,reappear human being’s living environment in accord of human being and terra,and insure the sustainable development of the regional economy,society and environment.