跨断层形变自动化观测技术的研究与应用

TECHNIQUE STUDY OF ACROSS-FAULT DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT AND ITS APPLICATION

大地震引发的断层错动已为人们所熟知,而断层蠕滑造成的地质灾害也逐渐受到更多的关注。断层活动速率变化异常与地震的孕育存在一定的关系。断层蠕滑变形对核电站、水库大坝、城市生命线工程、大型和高层建筑的安全是一种潜在威胁。跨断层形变自动化观测技术为断层现今活动性研究、地震监测预报和工程安全评估提供了有利条件。地壳应力研究所于20世纪60年代末开发的光电型断层变形测量系统,采用了以CCD器件为核心部件的位移传感器,测量精度高、量程宽、无电学漂移,为连续精确地观测断层活动参数提供了可靠的工具。

Fault dislocation due to large earthquake is known very well by people,and geologic disasters induced by fault creep get more attentions gradually. There is a relationship between the seismogenic process of earthquake and a abnormal variation of fault creep rate. The deformation of fault creep is potential threatening to the safety of nuclear power plant,dam of reservoir,lifeline systems of a city,large and high buildings. The technique for automatic measurement of fault deformation is of advantage to investigation in present-day fault activity,earthquake observation and prediction,and engineering safety evaluation. The photoelectric system for fault deformation measurement was developed by the Institute of Crustal Dynamics at the end of the nineties of the last century,with high precision,large ranges and no electricity drift,which adopted a displacement sensor with charge coupled device(CCD) as the key components. This measurement system is reliable,too,for fault movement observation accurately and continuously.