岩土工程多功能模拟试验装置的研制及应用

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL APPARATUS FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODEL TESTS

岩土工程多功能模拟试验装置由主机与配套装置组成,具有一机多用的特点。利用它可对洞室、洞群、边坡和基坑进行平面地质力学模型试验;对预应力锚索加固的岩体模拟试件进行抗剪强度试验;对混凝土或钢筋混凝土梁进行抗弯强度试验。它具有双向旋转功能,可使模型平面旋转360°,立面旋转35°。由于采用了首次研制成功的活塞式均布压力加载器加载,可在模型块体内产生大范围的均匀应变场,可对模型边界施加均布荷载和阶梯形荷载,并能满足不同侧压系数的要求。在剪切试验中可给出t-u全过程曲线等。6次工程试验结果表明,该装置具有良好的力学性能,可满足大型岩土工程试验研究的需要。

Multifunctional apparatus for geotechnical engineering model tests consists of the main engine and accessory devices. The apparatus possesses six functions,i. e. carrying out geomechanics model tests on the single opening,caverns,slopes and foundation ditches,carrying out shear strength tests on the analogy sample of rock mass reinforced by prestressed anchor cables,and carrying out bending strength tests on concrete and reinforced concrete beam. The apparatus can rotate model in two directions,i. e. 360 degrees rounding its rotation axis and 35 degrees in a straight plane. The apparatus adopts about 10 piston-type uniform pressure loaders successfully to make a large uniform strain field in the model of openings and non-uniform range merely within 10 cm distance to the boundary of model. It also can apply uniformly distributed load or ladder type load to the boundary of the model with different lateral pressure coefficients,to obtain quasi-plane strain conditions and give the whole process curves of t-u in the shearing test. The apparatus has been used to carry out six engineering tests and the test results are all satisfactory. The presented apparatus is of wide utilizable prospect in large-scale model tests for the research and design of national defence projects,civil defences and other civil projects in the future.