数字化近景摄影测量在模型试验变形测量中的应用

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT OF MODEL TEST

讨论模型试验中目前主要采用的各种位移量测技术的优缺点,阐述了数码像机数字化近景摄影测量的基本原理和方法,对该方法进行了误差分析,并首次将该技术应用到模型试验变形测量中。该方法具有非接触、设备简单、对环境要求低、能直接提供内方位元素、无软片压平误差、自动化程度高、精度高等优点。研究结果表明,该方法所测位移场规律性好,与试验过程中各种现象符合很好,与对应点百分表测值相差在30%以内。

The merits and demerits of many kinds of displacement measuring technique adopted mainly at present are discussed. The principles and methods of digital close-range photogrammetry are introduced. The error of this method is analysed and it is firstly applied to measure the displacement in sectional model test. This technique is of many advantages,such as contactless,simple apparatus,easy operation,low demand of environment,providing directly the elements of inner-azimuth,no error of negative pressure to plane,high automation and high precision. The test results indicate that the displacement field measured by this technique is of evident regularity and its measuring results fit well with the phenomenon occurring in the process of test. The difference between close-range photogrammetry and dial gauge is within 30 percent.