十八世纪德国与法国的文化冲突——兼论德国启蒙运动的民族特性

The Cultural Conflict Between Germany And France In The Eighteenth Century——Concurrently Discuss The National Character Of The Enlightenment In Germany

18世纪是欧洲的启蒙时代,法国成了欧洲乃至世界的文化中心。而此时的德国仍处于分裂状态之中,政治、经济、文化都较落后,外来文化尤其是法国文化大量入侵德国,并在其境内刮起一阵全社会的"法国化"之风。德意志民族热衷于讲法语,并纷纷模仿法国的生活方式、艺术方式,且以此为荣。在这场文化的冲突中,德国一批启蒙知识分子最先作出反映。他们反对对法国文化的拙劣模仿,并努力发掘、发展和创立德国自己的民族文化,促进了体现鲜明民族特质的德国启蒙运动的发展。

The eighteenth century is the Enlightenment Age of Europe and France became the center of the European even of the world civilization. At the same time, Germany, whose politics ,economy and culture are all backward, had been in disintegration, and foreign civilizations, especially French civilization extensively invaded Germany and blew an upsurge of French civilization. The German were very fond of speaking French,imitating the life—style and art—style of France. In the cultural conflict, some enlightened intellectuals took measures to oppose the clumsy imitation to the French civilization and endeavored to develop and found their own national civilization, which promoted the German Enlightenment Campaign greatly and embodied the national character of the campaign.