辨证标准的基本要素与构成

Essential Factors and Constituents of Syndrome Differentiation Standard in Chinese Medicine

辨证标准的建立必须对辨证的基本要素和构成进行准确的分析与把握。辨证的依据是医师收集的辨证信息 ,包括症状、体征、精神状态和发病时间、发病诱因、病史等其他信息。症状包括单一性症状、复合性症状、概括性症状 ,以及反映症状的相互关系、特点、程度、病程等。这些症状所含的辨证信息和意义是不同的 ,不等价的。正确分解这些症状 ,准确界定 ,对于辨证论治规范化、标准化是必须的。症状具有辨证价值 ,这种价值可以是单一的、多维的 ,或不明显的 (潜值 ) ,一些具有潜值的症状共同出现时 ,可以形成具有明显辨证意义的“新值”。辨证主要由辨病邪、辨病性、辨病位等三个要素构成 ,辨证还要求辨标本缓急。

The establishment of syndrome differentiation standard in Chinese medicine is based upon the accurate analysis and understanding of its essential factors and constituents. The syndrome differentiation evidences consist of such collected information as symptom, sign, mood, onset time, predisposing cause and history. And the symptoms include single, compound and summary ones, reflecting their correlation, features, severity and duration, with different syndrome differentiation information and significance and values. It is necessary to accurately analyze these symptoms for the normalization and standardization of syndrome differentiation and treatment administration. These symptoms are helpful for the syndrome differentiation. Syndrome differentiation concentrates on the pathogenic factor, nature, location, as well as the root and branch, falseness and truth.