关于区域土地利用变化指数模型方法的讨论

Discussion on the Index Method of Regional Land Use Change

近几年来,各类指数模型方法被广泛应用于我国土地利用变化研究中,并在区域土地利用变化规律总结上发挥了重要作用。这些指数方法包括变化率、土地利用程度综合指数、转移矩阵、流向百分比、动态度、相对变化率、邻接度、多度、重要度、景观指数等。但有关文献对这些指数的表述与计算中,还存在一些明显的混乱与误用。文章通过分析国内相关文献中所涉及的各类指数方法,将其按资源变化的分析、变化方向分析、变化的空间形式分析等目的取向加以归类,然后在此类型框架下,详细阐述了各种指数方法的概念、计算方法、意义、存在的问题,并提出应用建议。

Recently, many sorts of index models have been widely adopted in the analysis of land use change in China. And they do play an important role in summarizing the rule of regional land use changes. However, according to the present research papers, there are some confusions and misuses in their applications, which root in faultiness, abnormity and misunderstanding of the indices or index calculation. By detailed exploration of the indices embedded in research materials, three classifications are identified on the basis of their application purposes: the change of regional land resources (change rate index and level change index), the direction of land use change (transition matrix and flow direction rate) and the spatial pattern of land use change (dynamic degree, relative change rate, adjacency degree, barycenter, frequency degree and importance degree). Then all the indices listed above are discussed under the purposed framework, including their concepts, calculation methods, application fields, misuses, and some application suggestions. This paper also gives a remark in the end that the research of land use change needs new breakthroughs in both theory and methodology. Index method is only a simple kind with limited functions, and much more efforts should be devoted to integrative, predictive methods in the coming days.