英国新城发展与建设

DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BRITISH NEW TOWNS

英国的新城运动起源于埃比尼泽·霍华德的田园城市。新城项目的实施是将一个简单的想法转变成一个巨大的社会程序 ,英国的新城开发虽然被划分为三代 ,但实际上主要集中在第一代和第三代的新城建设上。第二代只有一个新城。第一代新城面临的主要问题是“新城忧郁症”。新城的开发建设 ,最佳机制是设置一个新的、专门的机构来建设新城。地方政府的机制不适合承担新城这样规模的建设。新城发展公司的资金来源完全来自中央政府 ,通过中央统一基金提供预付款项。这些预付款实际上是贷款 ,需要偿还。尽管英国目前已不再有政府资助的新城开发建设运动 ,但私营机构仍然计划进行所谓的“花园郊区”或者新居住区的开发。然而至今为止 。

New towns movement in Britain is originated from Ebenezer Howard's Garden City. The implementation of the new town projects is to turn a simple idea to a great social process. The development of British new towns falls into three stages with focus on the first and third ones. Only one city was developed during the second stage. The major problem of new towns in the first stage is 'new city hypochondria'. For developing a new town, it is better to found a special institute in charge of the construction. Whereas, it mentions that, local government is not suitable for administering the construction of an area as large as a new town. The reimbursable capital of the new town development company totally comes from the central government. Although British government is no longer grant financial support to new town development, private sectors still plan to develop so called 'garden suburb' or new residential area. Yet, their plans have not been approved by the central or local government.