大陆法系民法中的人役权——兼论民法典中的用益物权体系

On personal servitude

人役权作为一种古老的役权制度,在现代大陆法系民法典中是一种上位的用益物权,其功能在于克服物权法定原则的局限性。由人役权可以派生出许多适应现代社会发展的具体的用益物权,但从形式理性的角度考虑,这些具体的用益物权作为一种下位的用益物权在大陆法系发达国家均以民事特别法的形式出现。本文通过对罗马法、法国民法与德国民法中相关内容的考察,试图说明大陆法系民法中"上位概念与下位概念、普通法与特别法"原理的重要性与科学性,并应用这一原理阐述我国民法中用益物权体系的应然模式。

Personal servitude is a superior concept in civil code, it can be derived many specific usufructuary rights. According to formal rationality, personal servitude should be prescribed in civil code; and specific usufructuary right should be prescribed in special civil law. The relationship between general right and special right, general law and special law, is very important in civil law tradition. As a application of the principle, I give the issue of usufructuary rights system in our civil law.