商业地理研究的理论与方法回顾

A REVIEW OF THE THEORY AND RESEARCH METHOD IN COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY

归纳国外商业地理研究的理论和方法 :传统商业地理学分①人类生态学的模式 ,对商业中心及商圈(腹地 )形态进行定性划分 ,②社会物理学派的模式 ,研究商圈的定量测定与比较 ,③中心地理论 ,建立商业中心及商圈的等级体系 ;现代商业地理学方法上把行为地理学、时间地理学、结构主义地理学的研究方法应用到商业地理研究中来 ,并且和中心地理论相结合。概括和归纳我国二十几年来商业地理的研究现状 ,对比国外。论述我国商业地理研究的趋向 :①CBD及主要商业中心的规划研究 ,②商业地理学的人本化 ,③研究商业的连锁经营对商业地理发展的影响 ,④研究虚拟空间和虚拟商业 ,⑤研究中外商业地理比较 ,⑥研究传统理论下商业地理细化研究和动态 ,⑦研究商业地理信息系统的应用研究。

By summing up the foreign researching theory and technique of commercial geography, The traditional commercial geography had developed in three series: One is the pattern of the species ecology, determining the nature of emporia or it's hinterland. The concentric model of E.W. Burgess, the sector-pattern of Homer Hoyt and many cores doctrine of Harols and E.L.Ullman are all included, through explaining the competition and differentiation in choosing the place, studying the form of the commercial hinterlind's configuration. The second is the pattern of the social physics, and the important researcher include W.Reily(1929), G.K.Zipf(1949), P.d.Converse(1949), and D.L.Huff(1963) so on. The common theory basis is Newtonian law of gravity, and they put forward some indexes, usually using the population of two cities to determine the breakpoint. In the latter years, the saturation theory was founded in Hover commercial college, and the applying of commercial geography is clear. The third is the central-land theory, establishing the scale system of commercial center or business hinterland. After the world war, the traditional commercial geography turned out to be modern commercial geography. In research method, human behavior geography, time geography, structure geography were involved. In China, in traditional commercial geography, with development of the foreign commercial geography, the scholars carried out demonstration and deduction of some megapolis, such as Beijing and Guangzhou, it is good for two scholars, one is the professor Yang-wuyang, using the Varignon Frame; the other is professor Chen-zhongnuan, exercising analyse art of zoology gene. In modern commercial geography, professor Cai-yanwei and his students have set up the research in time geography.