中国近现代社会创造性人物早期的家庭环境与父母教养方式

The Historiometric Study of the Early Family Environment and Parental Behavioral Style of Chinese Social Creative Personalities Who Passed Away After A.D. 1840

从家庭环境量表(FES—CV)与父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)的基本维度,对30位中国近现代社会创造性人物的早期家庭环境与父母教养方式的特点进行考察。结果表明,(1)这些家庭在控制性、组织性、亲密度、独立性、道德宗教观等维度上的平均得分较高,而在矛盾性上的平均得分较低;其家庭环境特点主要表现在家庭的价值观和人际关系、家庭秩序性与家庭活跃性三个方面。(2)上述家庭总体上表现出"严父慈母"的传统教养方式;其父母教养方式主要表现在严厉性与慈爱性两个方面。(3)聚类分析显示,家庭环境可分为低控传统型家庭与高控传统型家庭两类,父母教养方式可分为严厉型教养方式与温暖型教养方式两类。

In this historiometric study, early family environment and parental behavior of 30 Chinese social creative personalities who passed away after A.D. 1840 were rated based on their biographies or autobiographies, from ten dimensions of Chinese Version of Family Environment Scale (FES—CV) and five dimensions of Parental Behavior Inventory (EMBU) on an interval scale. The results were as follows. (1) Their family scored higher on the dimensions of control, organization, cohesion, independence, moralreligious emphasis, and scored lower on the dimension of conflict; three main components (family values and interpersonal relationship, family order, family activeness) were drawn from the ten dimensions of FES—CV through exploratory factor analysis. (2) 'Sternfatherandlovingmother' parental behavioral style was the most common one; two main components (parental sternness and parental lovingkindness) were drawn from the ten dimensions of EMBU through exploratory factor analysis. (3) Cluster analysis indicated that, both their early family environment and parental behavioral style could be classified into two (lowcontrol traditional and highcontrol traditional family environment, stern parental behavioral style and loving parental behavioral style.