从臣民到公民:角色转换界及其生成与发展

From Subjects to Citizens: Shift of Roles and the Formation and Development

臣民与公民的本质区分并不在于是否拥有法律文本意义上的权利 ,也不完全在于实际权利的是否享有 ,关键在于是否具有自觉、理性、强烈、持久的权利意识。在由臣民向公民的角色转换中 ,启动与推进因素只能是权利和权利意识 ,而不可能是义务和规范意识。权利意识的生成与发展既需要现实生活中享有权利的激活与滋养 ,也需要权利思想启蒙 ,有时后者更重要。两者共同作用便可促进角色转换 。

An essential difference between subjects and citizens doesn’t lie in whether they have the rights written in legal texts nor in whether they actually enjoy the rights but in whether they have voluntary, rational, strong and perpetual consciousness of rights. In the shift from the role of subjects to that of citizens, the initiating and promoting elements can only be rights and the consciousness of rights instead of obligations and consciousness of norms. In the formation and development of the consciousness of rights, it needs both the inspiration of the real enjoyment of rights and the enlightenment of rights and sometimes the latter is more important. The combined action can improve the shift of roles and complete the transition to a real society of citizens.