苏打盐碱土微咸水淋洗改良对玉米产量和性状的影响研究

Effect of leaching saline sodic soil with mildly salty water on yield and characters of corn

本着苏打盐碱土微咸水淋洗改良与作物灌溉增产双效同步的原则,在松嫩平原苏打盐碱土区玉米拔节中期至灌浆中期进行了淋洗灌溉试验。结果表明,补充灌溉(满足亏缺水分,无淋洗定额)、小额淋洗(淋洗定额为51mm)和大额淋洗(淋洗定额为112mm)三个处理较无淋洗灌溉(生产季节自然降水209mm)分别增产39.5%、101.4%和117.5%;与补充灌溉相比,小额淋洗和大额淋洗分别增产41.2%和55.7%,同时玉米根系及相关性状亦有同样的表现趋势,明显表现出合理淋洗灌溉既满足了玉米主要生育时期水分需求又减轻盐碱胁迫的协同效应。

The leaching irrigation experiment has been conducted during the middle jointing stage to the middle filling stage of corn on soda saline soil of Songnen Plain so as to ameliorate the soil by leaching with mildly salty water, and to increase the crop yield at the same time. The result showed that the treatment of supplementary irrigation (compensating for the water deficit and no leaching water quota), little amount leaching (leaching quota of 51mm)and large amount leaching (leaching quota of 112 mm), increased the yield by 39.5%, 101.4% and 117.5% respectively than that of no leaching irrigation (natural precipitation in growing seasons was 201 mm). Compared with supplementary irrigation, the yield of little amount leaching and large amount leaching was respectively increased by 41.2% and 55.7%. Meanwhile, the corn roots system and relating characters were also improved. It is concluded that rational leaching irrigation not only meets the water requirement during the primary growth stage of corn, but also reduces the saltalkali stress.