中国的二元结构与“三农”困境

The Structure with Dualtrack and Its Inpact on the Sannong Issues in China

“三农”问题形势严峻,表现为经济贫穷、社会事业滞后,权益得不到保障等,这不仅损害了社会公平,也导致了效率损失。问题何以至此,原因在于城乡居民作为社会系统的两类行动者,对资源的控制、结构位置、行动的能力和可能性等方面,存在着显著差异。相比于城市居民,农民由于职业和历史传统的影响,而有其自身的局限性,加之在社会建构方面又受到了压抑,因而在利益表达和影响决策方面处于劣势,导致公共政策安排长期偏离其利益需求,日积月累而导致今日之“三农”困境。解决“三农”问题需要综合措施,但关键是提高农民的组织化程度,让农民从看不见到出现,从出现到给意见,从给意见到有主见,从有主见到集体行动,形成积极的政治参与局面。

Sannong (Agriculture, Rural Development and Peasant's Issues) is a big challenge and bottleneck to China's development. The unbalance and disparity between rural area and urban has not only done harm to the social fairness but also caused the loss of economic welfare. To resolve the Sannong issues, the author emphasizes and suggests promoting the peasants' organization and the peasants' political capacity building.