人类活动与宁夏森林的变迁

On the Relationship of the Human Activities And the Changes of the Forest in Ningxia

森林的破坏,既有自然的因素,也有人为的因素。在人为的因素之中,以木材作燃料,封建统治阶级修筑宫室苑囿、佛寺、城镇等以及狩猎时的驱除猛兽,加之各种滥砍滥伐,都会破坏森林,而农牧业的发展与森林的缩小乃至消失密切相关。宁夏传统农业的发展有秦汉、唐宋、明清3个高峰时期,而这3个高峰时期又恰恰成为其森林破坏最为严重的时期。森林的破坏,使土壤失去了庇护,因而自唐宋时起,旱灾、水灾、雹灾、风沙灾害等就较多发生,至明清时期更为频繁。当今,要减少和控制各种自然灾害的发生,只有加大林业和牧业的比重,把农、林、牧的结构调整好。

The destruction of forest, generally speaking, is caused by either natural elements or human activities. On the one hand, the human destruction of forests, such as daily burning, building of palaces, temples and cities for the upper ruling class, hunting, and the uncontrollable cutting, all may damage the forests. The development of agriculture, however, closely associates with the reduction or even death of the forests. In Ningxia, the traditional agriculture got into its peak in the Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties when the forests were destroyed greatly. As a result, the earth got rid of protection simply because the forests were damaged. On the other hand, the terrible draughts, floods, hails, and winds and desserts had happened since the Tang and Song dynasties and took place more frequently during the Ming and Qing dynasties. What is fatally important today is to raise the proportions of forests and stock - livings and properly adjust the construction of agriculture, forest and stock - living in order to control all the natural disasters.