中国的“三农”问题:回顾与反思

Issues on China's "Agriculture, Countryside, and Farmer": Review and Introspection

本文认为中国的“三农”问题是国家工业化进程中城乡经济社会变革不同步造成的结构偏差问题,具体表现为城乡差别、农业人口过多、城乡居民收入重新拉大、贫富分化趋势加剧。分析了历史背景、人地比例关系和农民的局限性对“三农”问题的影响,认为城乡分隔的二元结构政策是其最直接最重要的成因,揭示了城市偏向政策的种种表现和后果。作者指出,“三农”问题相互之间有着密切联系,也有质的区别,在一定条件还有矛盾。从根本上说,农民问题居于其间的中心。现阶段农民问题的核心是收入低、就业难、增收难。解决“三农”问题要以减少农业人口、增加农民收入作为战略目标,必须突破旧的思维定式,突破制度“瓶颈”的制约,按照城乡一体化改革发展思路,设计路径方案,把工作重心放在恰当的制度供给上,方能奏效。文章提出了解决“三农”问题的十大建议。

The paper believes that issues on China's 'Agriculture, Countryside and Faremer' are structural deviation problems caused by the disparity between urban and rural economic and social reform in the course of national industrialization. The issues are specifically reflected on the contrast between urban and rural area, overabundance of agricultura population, expanding income gap between urban and rural residents, and exacerbating polarization between rich and poor. Analyzing the impact of historic background, proportional relationship between farmer and land, and farmers' limitation on 'Agriculture, Countryside, and Farmer' issues, the paper thinks that the urban - rural separating binary structure policy is the most direct and foremost cause, posting the myriad representations and sequent brought out by urban- favoring polices. The author indicates that the issues of 'Agriculture, Countryside, and Farmer' are closely connected, differed essentially, and incompatible under certain condition. Radically speaking, the issue of farmers is the focus of the three. The nucleus of farmer issue at present phase is that the income is low, employment is difficult, and also difficult for imcome growth. Addressing 'Agriculture, Countryside, and Farmer' issues should take reducing agricultural population and increasing farmers' income as strategic objectives. Only when we break through the dated thinking formula and the restriction of system bottle- neck, following the thoughts of urban - rural reform and development integration to design scheme, put the work highlight on right system supplying, can the new design works. The paper brings forward 10 recommendations for solving 'Agriculture, Countryside, and Farmer' issues.