慢性病住院少儿的人生取向及影响因素的研究

Sense of Coherence and Selected Influencing Factors among Hospitalized Adolescents with Chronic Illness

目的 在比较上海市慢性病住院少儿和同龄健康少儿人生取向的基础上 ,分析慢性病住院少儿人生取向发展的影响因素。方法 采用问卷法对 118例慢性病住院少儿和 12 1名在校读书的同龄健康少儿进行调查。结果 慢性病住院少儿的人生取向受住院次数、年龄、性别、疾病类型的影响 ;其人生取向水平明显低于同龄健康少儿 ;女性少儿的人生取向水平明显低于男性少儿 ;高年龄组少儿的人生取向水平明显高于低年龄组少儿 ;白血病少儿的人生取向水平显著低于其他疾病的少儿 ;住院次数超过四次后 ,慢性病住院少儿的人生取向水平明显下降。结论 护理工作者应特别关注病情严重、多次住院的女性少儿 ,帮助其建立积极的人生取向 ,以促进其心理、情感的健康发展。

Objective ①To investigate sense of coherence(SOC) and selected influencing factors among hospitalized adolescents with chronic illness; ②To compare the level of sense of coherence between adolescents with chronic illness and healthy adolescents. Methods A survey with questionnaire was conducted to 118 hospitalized adolescents with chronic illness and 121 healthy adolescents. Results The level of adolescents' SOC with chronic illness was lower than healthy adolescents; Boys had significantly higher SOC scores than girls; the strength of the SOC increased with age and decreased with the frequency of hospitalized; the level of SOC of the adolescents with leukemia was lower than the ones with other chronic diseases; the sense of coherence of adolescents with chronic illness was influenced by frequency of hospitalization, age, sex and type of illness. Conclusion Nurses should help adolescents with chronic illness in order to strengthen their SOC with concerns about their sex, age, type of illness and frequency of hospitalization.