注意缺陷多动障碍儿童气质特征及家庭环境的研究

The study of Temperament Characteristic and Family Environment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)儿童的气质特征 ,了解ADHD儿童与家庭环境的关系。方法 采用中国学龄儿童气质量表 (CSTS)对 5 0例 8～ 12岁ADHD患儿进行测查。并与中国常模进行比较。同时采用家庭环境量表中文版(FES CV)对 5 0例ADHD患儿及 5 0例正常儿童进行家庭特征评定。结果 ADHD组与常模组的气质类型分布有高度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,患儿中麻烦型及中间近麻烦型的比例明显高。ADHD组的活动水平、节律性、适应性、反应强度、心境、持久性、注意转移、反应阈气质维度的得分与常模组比较有显著性差异。ADHD儿童的家庭亲密度、情感表达、知识性、成功性较对照组为低 ,而家庭矛盾性较对照组为高 ,其气质维度与家庭环境存在相关性。结论 ADHD儿童的气质有其独特性 ,家庭环境是影响ADHD儿童的重要因素之一 ,应根据其气质特征 ,环境因素制定相应的干预方案。

Objective To explore the temperament characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and to understand the relationship between the children with ADHD and the family environment. Methods The temperament characteristic of 50 children with ADHD aged 8～12 years were tested by means of CSTS (Chinese school children temperament scale) . This paper analysed the data from the test and then made a comparison between the ADHD group and norm group . The family environment of 50 children with ADHD and 50 healthy children were measured by means of FES-CV scales. Results There were highly significant differences in the distribution of temperament type between the ADHD group and norm group ( P <0.01),There were obvious increase in the percentage of the difficult type and intermediate-difficult type among the ADHD group . The scores of the ADHD group and norm group in their temperament test showed a great difference in their activity level , rhythmicity , adaptability , intens, mood, persistance , distraction and threshold . The family feature of children with ADHD were poor level of cohesion, expressiveness, intellectual culture orientation and achievement orientation , high level of conflict . There existed relationship between temperament factors of children with ADHD and family environment . Conclusion The temperament of children with ADHD had peculiar characteristic , family environment was the important factor of affectting the children with ADHD , we should take proper intervention measures according to temperament characteristic and environment factors.