从荣张企业集团的盛衰看近代中国家族企业

From the Rise and Fall of the Enterprise Groups of Rong and Zhang to Survey the Chinese Household Enterprises of Modern Age

荣张两大企业集团是近代中国家族企业和非家族企业的代表,从它们的兴衰可以看出家族企业明显比非家族企业拥有优势,其表现有四:一是利润分配服从资本积累,企业的内聚力很强;二是投资走向、经营理念更趋于务实而非理想化;三是能够有效控制贪污浪费、官僚习气等管理漏洞,企业内耗小;四是精力注入程度极高,企业家的自我定位明确化。至于家族企业之所以优越,与血缘关系的内部维系作用分不开。当然,血缘关系是一把双刃剑,当制度弱化后它会产生负面影响。另外,家族企业私有化更彻底也是原因之一。需要附带指出的是,我们不能因为家族企业的优势就因此而认定儒家文化优越论。

The two greatest enterprise groups of Rong and Zhang are the representatives for Chinese household and non-household enterprises in modern age. From the rise and fall of the two groups, the household enterprises have more advantages than non-household enterprises, which can be seen in four aspects: The first, profils allotment obey the capital accumulation, the cohesion of enterprises is very strong; The second, investment tendency and the principle of management are more practical rather than idealization; The third, the loopholes of management such as corruption,waste and officialism can be easily controlled, and the innate exhaust is very small; The fourth, the enterprisers often does well in self-orientation, and infuse many energy into enterprises. The reason for being advantageous was the hold-together inside of kin. The kin is a double-faced shield, it also can produce negative influence when system is weakening. Moreover, the conversion of household enterprises to thoroughly private-owned one is also one of the reasons. A supplementary that must be pointed out is, we can't recognize the ar-gumentation of superior Confucianism culture merely according to the advantages of household enterprises.