西方范式方法论的反思与重构

Paradigm Methodology in the West——Reflection and Reconstruction

范式方法论是近半个世纪以来在西方比较流行的一种方法论。这种方法论对如何从事科学研究提出了一些有价值的见解,但也存在不足,值得进一步完善。文章认为有三种不同的范式方法论,即元范式论、一般范式论和方法范式论。文章在对这三种范式方法论评析的基础上,提出了一种新的方法范式论,分析了这种方法论所包含的哲学范畴、范式范畴和方法范畴及其相互关系,并对这种新的范式方法论的运用进行了说明,对这种新的范式方法论与其它三种范式方法论的异同进行了比较。

The popularity of using the paradigm methodology in the scope of social science has inspired great interest as well as debates among a large number of researchers from various disciplines in the West during the past half of the last century. The paradigm methodology has proposed quite a few valu-able views on how to conduct the research in a scientific way and also has contributed to helping many researchers to sort their research designs to a various degree that has been often intriguing them. How-ever, the lack of deep understanding of paradigm methodology itself has affected its fundamental func-tions in research designs. After reviewing related literatures, the paper concludes that there are three categories of paradigm methodologies, e. g. , meta-paradigm methodology, general-paradigm methodol-ogy and method-paradigm methodology. Based on the analysis of the three paradigm methodologies, it has constructed a new paradigm methodology. In the presentation, firstly, it focuses on the philosophi-cal category, paradigm category and operational category of this new paradigm methodology and the re-lationship among these categories. Afterwards, it describes the application of this new paradigm methodology in the research design. And finally, it analyzes the similarities and differences between this new paradigm methodology and three traditional paradigm methodologies.