实践语境下的新、旧唯物主义

New and Old Materialism in the Context of Practice

马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》,通过批判包括费尔巴哈唯物主义在内的旧唯物主义,阐明了马克思主义哲学同旧唯物主义哲学的根本区别,第一次明确地把实践的观点作为区分新、旧唯物主义的分界限,指出一切旧唯物主义的缺点在于它不理解实践活动的伟大意义。马克思把实践的观点引入认识论,正确解决了认识对实践的依赖关系,强调实践在认识世界和改造世界过程中的决定性作用,说明实践是认识的基础和检验真理的标准,从而克服了旧唯物主义的直观性,为辩证唯物主义认识论奠定了坚实的基础。

Marx in his《The Outline About the Feuerbach》clarified the basie differences between Marx-ism Materialism and the Old Materialism by criticizing the Old Materialism including the Feuerbach, and he first set clearly the practical standpoint as the division of the New and Old Materialism, he pointed out the shortcoming of the Old Materialism as being failed to understand the great meaning of practical activity. By adopting the practical standpoint in the theory of knowledge, Marx correctly figured out the relationship of knowledge and practice; emphasized the decisive effect of practice on the recognition and reform of the world; and explained that practice is the base of knowledge and Standard of testing the truth. Therefore, he overcame the intuition of the Old Materialism, and layed a sound foundation for the theory of knowledge of the Materialism.