宁夏春小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异研究

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN NITROGEN RECOVERY RATE BETWEEN SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES IN NINGXIA

采用肥料田间试验和测试分析方法,研究了宁夏春小麦N素利用效率及其构成因素的基因型差异。结果表明,春小麦N素利用效率、籽粒产量、地上部茎叶和籽粒含N量及其N素吸收累积量等均存在明显基因型差异,而且这种差异在中低肥力土壤条件下较中高肥力土壤条件下更为明显。在不施N肥条件下,N素利用效率平均为40.0kg/kg;在施N肥条件下,N素利用效率平均为30.8kg/kg。从中筛选出一批N素利用效率和产量均较高的品种。同时通过相关分析,研究了不同土壤肥力和不同施N水平下N素利用效率与其它N素营养性状及农艺性状之间的关系,提出了培育N高效品种的有用性状指标。

By means of field experiment and testing analysis, genotypic differences in nitrogen recovery rate and its affecting factors were studied between spring wheat varieties in soils different in fertility and in nitrogen application rate in Ningxia. The results showed that nitrogen recovery rate, grain yield, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in grain and ground parts of the plant were significantly different between wheats different in genotype.The difference was much greater in soil with low fertility than in soil with high fertility. The average nitrogen recovery rate of wheat without nitrogen fertilization was 40.0kg/kg, whereas it was 30.8kg/kg with nitrogen fertilization. And the quantity of nitrogen needed for production of 100kg grain was 2.50kg on average in the former case, while it was 3.25kg in the latter one. Some varieties wheat high in both nitrogen recovery rate and yield were selected from 100 wheat varieties. Relationships of nitrogen recovery rate with N nutritional status and agronomical characteristics of wheat of different varieties in soils different in fertility and N application rate were studied by means of correlation analysis. On such bases, relevant characters and indices were put forth for culturing and breeding new varieties of wheat highly responsive to nitrogen.