医院间护士锐器伤分布差异的多因素研究

Multiple Factor Study on Distribution Differences of Nurses Got Sharp Instrument Injury in Different Hospitals

目的 :了解医院间导致护士锐器伤发生的危险因素 ,为宏观上针对单位制定预防锐器伤的政策提供依据。方法 :采用多元线性逐步回归法对 13所医院护士锐器伤的发生率与床护比、年人均手术量、使用后针头处理方法等 13项院间因素进行分析。结果 :床护比、年人均手术量、静脉导管使用量、套管针使用量、真空采血针头的使用量与医院间护士锐器伤发生率相关 ,前 3项为锐器伤发生的可能危险因素 ,后两项为保护性因素。结论 :工作超负荷与锐器伤发生相关 ,配备足够的护理编制可减少锐器伤的发生 ;安全产品的使用可降低锐器伤的发生率。

Objective: to explore the risk factors of leading to nurses' sharp injury in different hospitals, to provide a basis for hospital policy-makers to make out policies to prevent the sharp injuries of nurses from happening. Method: multiple linear stepwise regression was adopted to analyze 13 items including the relations between the incidence of sharp injuries of nurses and bed/nurse ratio, average amount of operations per nurse participated per year, and how they deal with those disposable needles in a total of 13 hospitals. Results: factors including bed/nurse ratio, average amount of operations per nurse participated per year, the amount of intravenous catheter used, the amount of trocar used, and the amount of vacuum blood collection needle used in hospital were related with the incidence of sharp injuries of nurses among hospitals. Among which, the former three items were possible risk factors of sharp injuries of nurses. The latter two items were protective factors of sharp injuries of nurses. Conclusion: overloading working of nurses is related with their sharp injuries. Therefore, to have enough authorized staffs for a hospital may decrease the sharp injuries of nurses. Use of safe products may decrease the sharp injuries of nurses as well. However, the use of unsafe products in a hospital may increase the incidence of sharp injuries of nurses.