河北省蔬菜保护地土壤养分的积累状况及影响因素

The status and impact factors of accumulating in cover vegetable field in Hebei province

为了对菜地土壤养分的合理管理提出理论依据 ,研究了河北省 11个蔬菜种植县、市的蔬菜保护地土壤养分的积累状况及剖面分布特性。结果表明 :日光温室 0～ 2 0cm土壤pH与相邻粮田平均降低了 0 7pH单位 ;与相邻粮田比较 :菜地土壤有机质和全氮分别平均增加了 74 1%、5 6 78% ;Olsen -P、硝态氮、碱解氮和速效钾分别增加了 7 4倍、7 1倍、1 0倍和 2 6倍 ;速效锌、铁、锰、铜分别平均增加了 1 2倍、1 3倍、0 5倍、0 6倍和 0 5倍 ,差异达到极显著水平。菜地养分主要积累在 0～ 2 0cm土层 ,2 0～ 80cm土壤养分均有不同程度的增加 ,随着土层深度的增加土壤各养分的积累量逐渐减少 ,各养分积累量为Olsen -P >硝态氮 >速效钾和碱解氮 >全氮和有机质 ,不同类型菜地土壤养分的积累状况为日光温室 >塑料大棚。

The status and distribution of accumulating nutrient in different profile of cover vegetable fields in Hebei province were surveyed. Results showed: compared with adjacent crop fields, vegetable soil pH was decreased by 0.7; Organic C and total N were increased by 74.1%, 56.8% respectively; Olsen-P, NO_3^--N, alkali-N, avail-K were as 7.4, 7.1, 1.0, 2.6 times as crop fields, in the profile of 0～20 cm cover vegetable fields, respectively; Available Zn, Fe, Mn, B were increased by 1.2, 1.3, 0.5, 10.6, 0.5 times. Most of the nutrients were accumulated in the profile of 0～20 cm soil, the content of various nutrient in the profile of 20～80 cm vegetable fields were increased significantly. Amount of accumulating nutrient was gradually decreased accompanying with deepening profile. The quantum of accumulating nutrient was in order as Olsen-P > NO_3^--N > avail-K, alkali-N > total N and Organic C, than those of green house field > plastic protected field.