小麦远缘杂交后代的高分子量谷蛋白亚基分析

Analysis of high molecular weight glutenin subunit in offspring of distant crossing

采用SDS-PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对远缘组合分离出来的一个类型JY98-1(45个遗传性基本稳定的具有高产、多抗的小麦株系)的高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行了分析。结果表明,出现了13种不同的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及12种亚基组合类型,优质亚基及亚基组合所占的比例较少,品质评分偏低,其变幅为3～9分,平均6.1分。但在所分析的材料中,出现一些少见的特殊亚基:6 、6 +8 、5+12、2+10+12。同时研究了HMW-GS和组合频率及特点。45个株系中1个具有5+10优质亚基、4个具有2 亚基和12个具有7+8亚基,它们可供小麦优质育种利用。研究表明,通过远缘杂交能够选育出具有高产、抗病和优质的小麦新材料。

Using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) of 45 wheat plant lines for high yield and various resistance were analyzed. There were 13 subunits and 12 genotypes of HMW-GS in 45 plant lines. The quality scores of these plant lines were quite low, ranging from 3 to 9, with the mean of 6.1, but some special subunits: 6~*, 6~*+8~*, 5+12, 2+10+12 were also found in plant lines. The frequency and characteristics of these HMW-GS and combination types were probed. Moreover, 1 plant lines carried 5+10 subunit, 4 plant lines carried 2~* subunit and 12 plant lines carried 7+8 subunit were screened for application in the quality breeding program. The studies show the high yield, resistance and quality new wheat materials can be breeded by the distant crossing.