砧木对嫁接西瓜生长及品质的影响

Effects of Rootstocks on Growth and Fruit Quality of Grafted Watermelon

用5种不同的砧木(超丰F1、京欣砧二号、N-型西瓜砧、将军、黑籽南瓜)嫁接早佳西瓜,对西瓜生长及果实品质指标进行测定。结果表明,各嫁接组合的植株长势优于自根苗,根系活力与自根苗间差异显著,早佳/黑籽南瓜组合根系活力较强,比自根苗高260.28μg·TTF·(gh)-1。抗病性调查表明,黑籽南瓜作为砧木发病率比自根苗低17.2%,其它嫁接组合间无显著差异。叶绿素含量嫁接苗与自根苗无显著性差异。嫁接西瓜品质分析表明:各组合间可溶性糖含量差异显著:早佳/黑籽南瓜中较低,比自根苗西瓜低14.2527μg·g-1;蛋白质含量自根苗优于嫁接苗;各嫁接组合在有机酸含量上差异显著,早佳/将军及早佳/N-型西瓜砧较高;游离氨基酸总量仅早佳/将军含量较自根苗高0.9536mg·g-1,其它组合均低于自根苗;类胡萝卜素含量各嫁接组合中差异显著:早佳/将军含量较高,比自根苗高1.4222mg·kg-1;维生素C含量各嫁接组合无明显差异;经口感评定:各处理在水分、爽口度、质地、成熟度、籽数、及空心率上无显著差异。综合分析表明:将军及超丰F1是早佳西瓜较为理想的砧木,嫁接后的植株生长势强,品质优良。

Growth characteristics and fruit qualities of watermelon variety Zaojia grafted on five different rootstocks (Lagenaria siceraria Standl cv.Chaofeng F1, jingxin stock 2, N watermelon stock, jiangjun, Cuarbita ficifolia) have been studied. The result shows that the growth of all the grafted combinations is better than that of self rooted watermelon. Root vigor of grafted combinations has significant difference with self rooted watermelon. Root vigor of Zaojia/ Cuarbita ficifolia is 260.28 μg·TTF·(gh)-1 higher than that of self rooted watermelon. The result of resistance to fusarius wilt indicates that disease incidence of Cuarbita ficifolia grafted with watermelon is 17.2 %lower than that of self rooted watermelon. The chlorophyll contents have no significant differences between grafted and self rooted watermelon. There are some results of fruit quality analyses. The difference of soluble sugar content of Zaojia/ Cuarbita ficifolia is 14.2527 μg·g-1 lower than that of self rooted watermelon. The protein contents in grafted watermelon are higher than that of self rooted watermelon. There are more organic acid in Zaojia/jiangjun and Zaojia/N watermelon stock than that of self rooted watermelon. Only in Zaojia/jiangjun, the free amino acid content is higher than that of self rooted watermelon. Only the Zaojia/jiangjun contains 1.4222 mg·kg-1 carotene and higher than that of self rooted watermelon. The vitamin C contents in all combinations have no significant difference. Taste identification shows that all the combinations have no significant difference in water, taste, flesh texture, maturity, seed number and blank incidence. Above all, the results show that Jiangjun and Chaofeng F1 are suitable rootstocks grafted with watermelon Zaojia and the graft plants have stronger growth vigor and better quality than that of self rooted watermelon.