范畴三段论推理中信念偏差效应的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Belief Bias Effect In Syllogistic Reasoning

本研究利用三段论评价任务 ,分析了已有信念与三段论逻辑状态间的交互影响 ,探讨了三段论推理判断中信念偏差的存在与作用机制 ,同时从信念偏差角度对心理模型理论进行了初步验证。结果发现 :1.范畴三段论推理的逻辑判断过程中存在信念偏差效应 ;2 .信念偏差效应以逻辑状态与结论可信性交互作用的方式存在 ;3当逻辑结果与信念相一致时 ,信念会促进逻辑反应 ,反之则妨碍逻辑反应 ;4 .信念偏差效应对逻辑有效、结论不可信的单模型三段论问题影响最大 ,而对逻辑有效。

Using the syllogism-evaluation task, this research analyzed the interaction between logical state and belief, and explored the existence and the mechanism of belief bias in syllogistic reasoning. Meanwhile, this research initially tested the theory of mental-models from the belief bias point of view. The results were that: (1) The belief bias effect existed in the logical judging of syllogism reasoning. (2) The belief bias effect existed by way of interaction between logical state and believability of conclusion. (3) When the logical result and belief agreed, the bias would facilitate the logical response; when the logical result and belief conflicted, the bias opposed the logical correct response. (4) The belief bias had a greater effect on one-model valid syllogisms with unbelievable conclusions than those of the multiple-model.