跨界河流的水质监测(2)

Water quality monitoring for trans-boundary rivers

水质监测是任何水资源管理必不可少的组成部分,水质监测与评价不仅可对水污染问题进行鉴别和评估,而且可以验证污染控制措施是否正确以及污染源是否遵守了相关的环保法规、制度。文章讨论了综合监测系统的对策、网络设计、采样与分析、数据处理与报告,还讨论了必需的科学的组织形式。以4条跨界河流[欧洲的莱茵河(Rhine)和多瑙河(Danube)、南美的拉普拉塔河(La Plata)、东南亚的湄公河(Mekong)]为例阐述了现代意义的监测方法学。对于工业化程度高的流域(如莱茵河和多瑙河),早期预警系统尤为重要。最后探讨了新的性价比好的污染监测方法以及如何避免产生数据很多,但信息量很少的状况。

Water quality monitoring is a indispensable composite for any water resources management. Water quality monitoring and evaluation can be used to identify and assess water pollution, as well as valid the pollution control measures and whether pollution sources to abide by the relative environmental laws and regulations or not. The comprehensive strategies of monitoring systems, network design, sampling and analysis, data process and report, as well as necessary scientific organization were also discussed in this paper. The four trans-boundary rivers (The Rhine and The Danube in Europe, The La Plata in South America and The Mekong in Southeast Asia) were exemplified to describe the modern monitoring methodologies. The early warning and alarm system is especially important to highly industrialized basins (for example, The Rhine and The Danube). Finally, the new pollution monitoring methods with reasonable cost and performance and how to avoid 'data-rich but information-poor'were also discussed.