句子的焦点结构及其对语义解释的影响

Focus structure and its effects on the semantic interpretation of sentences

本文对国外焦点研究的理论、方法和主要内容进行综述和评论,着重介绍和分析焦点研究中一些技术性较强的方面,诸如:句子的信息结构和焦点结构的关系,焦点和预设的定义及测试方式,焦点的种类、特征和表达手段,焦点的三分结构和Lambda演算,焦点的指派和投射规则,焦点结构决定句子的命题意义、预设意义和会话含义的逻辑机制。

This paper reviews the theories, methods and main contents of the studies on focus structure a-broad. It puts the emphasis on the technical aspects of the studies on focus structure, such as the following: (1) the relation between information structure and focus structure of a sentence; (2) the definition and test means of focus and presupposition of a sentence; (3) the kinds and semantic features of different foci and their expressive mediums; (4) the tripartite structure of focus and lambda calculus of focus structure; (5) the assignment of focus and the projection rules of focus, and (6) the logic mechanism by which focus structure affects the prepositional meaning, presupposition and implicature of a sentence.