框架效应影响因素及其认知机制研究综述

Studies on the factors of framing effects and relevant neural mechanisms

框架效应(framing effects)是指由于对选项描述上的不同而导致对同一问题的不同备选方案产生偏好反转的现象。框架效应对人们参与政治活动、进行消费、团队决策等过程都有着重要的影响,有效运用(或避免)框架效应,就必须明确不同因素对框架效应的影响及其作用机理。本文从框架效应的决策主体、决策背景两个方面对影响框架效应的因素进行分析,并对其研究现状进行了总结与归纳。此外,由于近年来涌现了很多运用神经科学技术对框架效应的研究成果,本文也进一步关注了框架效应的认知机理。综上,本文致力于全面梳理框架效应产生至今的相关研究成果,希望为研究者们对框架效应及其认知机理的进一步研究奠定理论基础,提供思路和方法上的建议。

Framing effect refers to the phenomenon that people’s preference reverses when the description of a problem changes in formulation. Framing effect plays an important role in political activities, consumption, team decision making and many other activities. Thus it is very necessary for us to make out the influence of different factors on the framing effect and the mechanisms of framing effect. In this paper, we divide the factors that influence framing effect into two parts: the decision maker and the decision situation. Especially, we focus on the neural mechanisms of the framing effect, for a large number of research achievements based on neural science and technology have emerged in recent years. This paper summarizes the theories of framing effects, and wishes to serve as a guide for future researches and theory developments.