隐含作者的全息考察和建构

A Multi-Dimensional Examination of the Implied Author and Its Construction

"隐含作者"这一概念应用很普遍,但是它的定义和所指一直仍然是学界的争论热点。本文结合当前此领域的主要学术焦点,对引进"隐含作者"的必要性,他和真实作者的关系以及如何理解"隐含作者"这一概念这三方面进行了探讨,认为隐含作者的提出有利于严谨的文学批评;隐含作者源于真实作者的创作又有赖于读者的建构,他和真实作者之间是一种动态的交叉关系,因此,隐含作者不是一个实体,而是在阅读中得以具体化的一个抽象的集合体。借鉴语言学的两组术语——音位和音位变体以及语素和语素变体——的理解,隐含作者可以表示为:1+1+1+1+……1=1,所以,隐含作者可以是一个(抽象的),也可以是许多个(具体的)。有鉴于此,文章最后提出了对查特曼经典图示的修改意见。

This paper presents an attempt to better understand the essence of “the implied reader” from the following three aspects: the necessity of the implied author, the relationship between it and the real author, and possible ways to perceive the implied author. As the formation of the implied author relies on the participation of the reader as well as the real author, this paper believes that the introduction of the implied author to literary criticism is of vital importance to foster a responsible attitude in the field which in turn will ensure objective academic study. Moreover, the cooperation between the real author and the reader determines the many-faceted nature of the implied author, who represents both an abstract concept and specific actualization in the process of reading. The discussion comes to an end with a tentative revision of Seymour Chatman’s classical diagram of the communicative process in narration.