什克洛夫斯基诗学的语言学基础:库尔德内的社会-心理语言学

Linguistic Foundation of Shklovsky Poetics: Social Psycholinguistics Theory of Baudouin De Courtenay

文学理论的未来不仅包括开拓新的视界与疆域,更包括对现有理论体系的重审与反思。俄国形式主义理论对20世纪西方诗学具有开创之功,什克洛夫斯基是其重要的奠基人之一,对其理论的由来依然要放在当时的历史语境中思考,学界一直以来较热衷于谈索绪尔普通语言学对其诗学的影响,其实,什克洛夫斯基诗学的语言学基础为库尔德内的社会-心理语言学,这不仅包括时间与地缘方面的可能性,更可以在其诗学的具体理论中找到库尔德内语言学的影响,如对审美心理效果的重视,坚持历时与共时相统一的语言观等。

The future development of literary theory not only broadens new horizon but also reviews and reflects on current system. Russia Formalism proposed mainly by Shklovsky marks the beginning of 20th century western poet-ics, and its origin should be taken into account in the historical context. The linguistic foundation of formalism is on Social Psycholinguistics Theory proposed by Baudouin De Courtenay other than General Linguistics proposed by Saussure. Many evidences can be found in specific poetics theory such as the emphasis on aesthetic psychology and the combination of synchronic and diachronic method.