帝国与“新女性”——哈格德历险小说中的女性形象书写

The Empire and “New Women”——Female Images in Haggard's Adventure Novels

19世纪晚期的英国是典型的父权制社会,但女性主义的觉醒和"新女性"的出现,冲击了既定的性别秩序,造成了这一时期著名的"妇女问题"。该时期历险小说家赖德·哈格德的小说《所罗门王的宝藏》《她》和《阿莎归来》中刻画了不少这样具有情欲、权力欲与控制欲的"新女性",她们以诱惑或控制等多种方式,削弱了男人们的男性气概、颠倒了既定社会的性别秩序、使男性利益共同体解散。她们对父权制社会的秩序形成威胁,并直接影响到当时大英帝国的殖民扩张事业。哈格德小说中的这些"新女性"表现了作者因"新女性"现象产生的性别焦虑以及对帝国殖民事业的忧虑。

In the late 19th century,Britain is a typically patriarchal society.However,the awakening of feminism and the emergence of'new women'have impacted the established gender order,resulting in the famous'women’s problem'in that period.In the novel The Treasure of King Solomon,She and The Return of Asha,the famous adventure novelist Ryder Haggard of that period depicted many'new women'with such lust,power and control.They weakened their masculinity,disbanded the male interest community and reversed the established gender order by temptation or control.They threatened the order of patriarchal society and directly affected the colonial expansion of the British Empire at that time.These'new women'in Haggard’s novels show his gender anxiety caused by the phenomenon of'new women'and his anxiety about the imperial colonization cause.