吏员出职笼罩下的变通——元代少年见习吏现象探析

The Change under the Cover of the Clerks Entering into Bureaucracy: An Analysis of Young Apprentices in Yuan Dynasty

元代伴随着社会的需要和吏员出职的盛行,各方面的连锁反应也随之而来,少年见习吏的为数甚多即其表现之一。相比于他朝少年潜心儒经、专心求学希冀以科举入仕,元代少年弃学充见习吏者屡见不鲜,呈现出与"学而优则仕"传统相背离的反常态势。元代科举入仕的失重且失衡态势及吏员出职风行的连锁效应,致使许多渴求由吏入仕之人的目光聚集到了由见习吏至吏进而出职的通途上,想必这也是在特殊历史环境下的一种变通。

With the demand of the society and the prevalence of the clerks entering into bureaucracy,various chain reactions are followed in the Yuan Dynasty,and the number of young probationary officials was one of its manifestations.Compared with the young students in the Yuan Dynasty who devoted themselves to Confucianism and classics and concentrated on their studies and hoped to become an official by taking the imperial examination,it was common for young students in the Yuan Dynasty to abandon their studies and become probate officials,which showed an abnormal trend that deviated from the tradition of learning and being an excellent official.In the Yuan Dynasty,the weightlessness and imbalance of civil service officials and the chain effect of popularity caused many people who longed for civil service officials to focus on the route from trainee to official and then out of office.Presumably this is also a kind of flexibility under the special historical environment.