庚辛鼠疫与东北社会传统习俗改良

The Plague in the Years of Geng-xu and Xin-hai and Improvement of Traditional Customs in Northeast Society

庚辛鼠疫是历史上一场空前绝后的肺鼠疫灾难,其毒性巨大、流行速度快,波及范围广,历时半年给人民的生命财产造成极大损失,在政府、医学工作者、社会各界的共同努力下最终被扑灭。总结此次鼠疫的经验教训可知,春节回乡过年、土葬习俗、传统观念、传统的生活方式和不良的卫生习惯等是促使鼠疫不断蔓延的重要原因,因此传统习俗的改良贯穿与鼠疫抗争的始终。在改良传统习俗的过程中,东北社会也由此发生重大转变,社会公共卫生体系、医学等逐渐向近代化转型,人们的公共卫生意识、生态保护观念也逐渐产生。

The plague in the years of Geng-xu and Xin-hai is an unprecedented pneumonia plague in history.It is extremely toxic which has a high prevalence with a wide influence.Consequently,it has caused great losses to people’s lives and property.Fortunately,it was finally extinguished with the joint efforts of the government,medical workers and all walks of life.With a regard to the experience of the plague,we can safely draw a conclusion that the Spring Festival,the burial customs,traditional concepts,traditional lifestyles and bad hygiene habits are vital reasons for the spread of the plague.Therefore,the improvement of traditional customs should always be the focus going through the campaign against the plague.In the process of improving traditional customs,a major transformation was taken place in the Northeast society.The social public health system and medical industry have been gradually modernized,and people’s public health awareness and ecological protection concepts have gradually emerged.