从后殖民文学到事件文学——印度布克奖小说研究新探

From post-colonial literature to event literature: A new reading of Indian Booker Prize winning novels

印度当代英语小说(包括印籍和印裔作家创作的小说)一片繁荣,自20世纪70年代以来,已有五部小说荣膺布克奖桂冠,十九部小说进入布克奖长名单或短名单。国内外学界从对英语的挪用、独特的叙事方式和主题内容等方面对这些小说进行了多维度、多层次的探讨。然而,现有的研究过于注重获奖作品,且主要采取全球后殖民方法,因而在探讨其独特的美学特征和艺术内容方面存在一定的局限性。我们可以尝试跳出西方后殖民理论的框架,立足于印度本土的语言、文化、文学传统和具体的历史语境,结合德勒兹(和瓜塔里)的小民族文学理论与西方当代哲学和文学批评中至关重要的"事件"概念,尝试建构出一种以印度布克奖小说为本体的事件文学理论,以期对之进行更具"物质性"和"在地性"的分析,进而探索出一条研究印度布克奖小说的新路径。

Contemporary Indian English novels(including the novels created by Indian-born writers) have experienced another boom since the 1970 s. There are already five Booker Prize winners and nineteen novels which made the long list and short list. Studies both at home and abroad have explored these novels from the perspectives of their appropriation of English, unique narrative methods and themes in a multi-dimensional and multi-level way. However, current studies overemphasize the five Booker Prize winning novels, and mainly adopt a global post-colonial method, therefore, these studies revealed some limitations in their exploration of their unique aesthetic features and artistic content. On the basis of India’s indigenous linguistic, cultural, literary tradition and its concrete historical situation, we can try to think outside of the box of post-colonial theory, with a view to constructing a theory of event literature which targets Indian Booker Prize novels exclusively by combining Deleuze(and Guattari)’s theory of minor literature with the concept of 'event' crucial to contemporary French philosophy and western literary criticism. This new method will analyze these novels in a more 'material' and 'local' way, thereby pointing out a new approach to these novels.