从奥巴马与特朗普就职演讲的架构对比分析看美国的保守主义倾向

A study of American conservative leanings from comparative framing analysis of Obama and Trump’s inaugural addresses

美国政治传统中始终存在的自由主义与保守主义两大主流政治思潮的交锋是影响民主党与共和党施政治国方针政策的决定性因素之一。本文基于架构理论对比、分析奥巴马(2013)和特朗普(2017)就职演讲发现,在经济、社会和外交三个领域的表层架构分别从改革向变革、公平向竞争、合作向对立、民主输出向美国优先转变,深层架构从单边主义向多边主义、大政府向小政府转变,由此揭示了美国社会政治思潮从自由主义向保守主义转变。研究结果为解释以特朗普为代表的共和党政府的执政理念、政治诉求以及预测未来胜出党派执政政府的发展路径提供认知语言学视角的理据,也为如何架构与再架构'和平、发展、合作、共赢'的中国新时代话语提供借鉴。

One of the decisive factors affecting the governance principles and policies of Democrats and Republicans in American political tradition is the never-ending confrontation between two mainstreams of political thoughts which are liberalism and conservatism.This paper makes a contrastive analysis on Obama(2013)and Trump’s(2017)inaugural addresses within the framework of Framing Theory.It is found that surface frames shift from change to reform,equality to competition,cooperation to opposition,democracy to American First in economic,social and diplomatic field;deep frames shift from unilateralism to multilateralism,big government to small government,and the leanings from liberalism to conservatism is thus revealed.The research results may provide cognitive linguistic evidence for ruling conception,governance policy of republican government represented by Trump and suggestions for framing and reframing new Chinese discourse promoting'Peace,Development,Cooperation and Win-Win'in the new era.