电动汽车充电站规划研究

Probe into Electric Vehicle Charging Station Planning

综合考虑了用户出行规律、电动汽车分布和路网结构等影响因素,建立了充电站规划的最小成本优化模型。根据路网结构内的车流量,采用蒙特卡罗法计算规划区内电动汽车的总充电功率需求。根据电动汽车的分布特性,引入重心法改善初始站址,使站址更靠近充电需求重心,并通过调节加权Voronoi图的权重,提高服务范围划分的合理性。利用排队论原理以最大到站排队等候时间确定充电站容量,使充电机台数配置与电动汽车数量更匹配。实际算例分析验证了规划方法的可行性和合理性,并评析了4种充电模式下大规模电动汽车充电对原始负荷曲线的影响。结果表明,低谷充电模式对原始负荷曲线的影响最小,并能有效降低电网峰谷差。

This paper establishes the optimal cost minimization model of charging station planning by comprehensively considering the factors of user travelling rule,electric vehicles distribution and road network structure.According to the traffic flow in the planning area,the electric vehicles' total power demand is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation.In order to be closer to charging demandcentered,the initial sites are improved by a gravity method based on the distribution characteristic of the electric vehicles,and the weights of Voronoi diagram are adjusted to make the service areas divided more rational.The queuing theory is used to determine the scale of charging station under the maximum queuing time,so that the number of chargers tends to match better with the number of the electric vehicles.Finally,the paper verifies the feasibility and rationality of the proposed planning method by practical example,and analyzes the impact of large scale electric vehicles' charging behavior on the original load curve in four charging cases.The results show that the charging mode using valley power can effectively reduce the peak-valley difference of power grid with minimum impact on the original load curve.