关于“渠”和“個”

On Qu 渠 and Ge 個

汉语南部方言里,'渠'字广泛用作单数第三人称代词;平常用来做通用量词的'個'字,也广泛用作助词,相当于普通话的'的',还可以用作指示词,相当于'这'或'那'。这些用法不见于官话。值得注意的是,'渠'字和'個'字的这些用法,也见于南方地区的一些少数民族语言,例如临高话、壮语、土家语等。中国南部地区汉语方言和少数民族语言里,类似的共用现象其实可以举出很多例证,我们不必一定去求证是否同源关系,或是否借用关系。这类例证确实证明南方地区的汉语方言与少数民族语言具有非常密切的关系。因此,我们需要采取一些措施和步骤,把汉语方言的研究与少数民族语言的研究结合起来,以取得最好的成果。

In the dialects in the southern China,Qu 渠 is widely used as a third person singular pronoun. Ge 個,which is commonly used as a classifier,is also widely used as an auxiliary equivalent of de 的 in Putonghua and an indicator equivalent to zhe 这 and na那. Such usages cannot be found in Mandarins while they are common in languages of the southern minorities, such as Lingao, Zhuang and Tujia languages, which proves theintimacy of dialects in southern China and minority languages. Examples like this can be easily found and it is not necessary for us to prove whether they are of the same origin or borrowed. Measures should be taken for the combination of the studies of Chinese dialects and minority languages for better result.