19世纪以来客家方言的罗马字拼音方案

The Romanization Systems of Hakka Dialects since the 19th Century

对客家方言的翔实记录和科学描写始于19世纪中叶来华的西方传教士,1860年第一部使用罗马字注音的客家方言《圣经》译本在柏林出版。此后的大半个世纪里,西方传教士和汉学家编写和出版了一系列客家方言的《圣经》译本、辞书、课本、宗教读物等,其中的不少文献使用罗马字为客家方言注音,罗马字拼音方案多种多样。本文利用已掌握的相关文献对19世纪以来客家方言的罗马字拼音方案进行初步的整理、归纳和分析,并简要介绍国内制订的客家方言罗马字拼音方案,从一个侧面回顾一百多年来客家方言调查研究的历史。

The detailed and accurate records and scientific descriptions of Hakka dialects began from western missionaries coming to China in the mid 19thcentury. The first Bible translated in Hakka dialects with Roman capitals for phonetic was published in 1860 in Berlin. In the next over 50 years, series of Bible translation versions, dictionaries, text books and religious publications in Hakka dialects were written and published by western missionaries and Sinologists, most of which were noted by Roman capitals for Hakka phonetic and there were various kinds of schemes for phonetic alphabet. This paper sorts out and analyzes the Romanization systems for Hakka dialects since the 19thcentury and briefly introduces domestic systems. It is an overview of the history of investigation and research on Hakka dialects in the recent 100 years.