一座反映唐蕃关系的“纪念碑”式洞窟——榆林窟第25窟营建的动机、思想及功德主试析

A“memorial monument”cavern reflected the relationship between Tang dynasty and TuBo——Analysis about the intention,ideology and donator of the construction of the 25th cavern in YuLin Caverns

榆林窟第25窟是敦煌石窟吐蕃期洞窟的代表作,通过对洞窟藏文题记的再研究,结合吐蕃在处理唐蕃关系时建寺等佛教活动的传统、洞窟营建的历史背景、窟内壁画内容及其艺术特色,最终表明榆林窟第25窟很有可能是776年瓜州陷蕃后、786年沙州陷蕃前,身为瓜州节度使、沙州作战前沿总指挥尚乞心儿的功德窟,或者说是与他有密切关系的洞窟,而建窟的主要目的是吐蕃人为了'纪念'对瓜州的占领,又是为了通过佛教手段向瓜沙地区的汉人表示友好,因此该窟实为一'纪念碑性'洞窟,具有很强的'秘密性',但其建窟的模式未得到广泛的流传。

The 25th cavern in YuLin caverns is the represent of DunHuang caverns in TuBo times.We can combine the inscripitions in the cavern,the traditional Buddhism movement such as the temple construction to deal with the relationship between Tang dynasty and TuBo,the historical background of its construction and the content and artistic parts of its painting together,to find out that this cavern inclinded to be the donate by Shangqixiner,or related to him,whowas the officer ofGuazhou and commander of Shazhou between 776(after Guazhou fell to ToBo)and 786(before Shazhou fell to ToBo).His purpose was to“commemorate”ToBo’s conque of Guazhou and to show friendly to the population in Guazhou by Buddhism.As a result,with its strong“private”,this cavern is a“memorial monument”,however,this mode did not spread extensively.