历史与评述:文献史学关于春秋史的分期和断代研究——考古学和文献史学“二重证据”视角下的春秋史分期断代研究(一)

Review and Comment:Studies on the Age and Stage Classification of the Spring and Autumn Period in the Field of History:Studies on the Age and Stage Classification of the Spring and Autumn Period from the Perspective of “Dual Evidence” of History and Arch

春秋时期是中国历史上极其重要的过渡时期,夏商西周以来传统的政治、经济、军事、思想、文化在这时期都发生了十分剧烈的变化。为了了解变化的具体过程,学者们对春秋进行分期断代研究,提出了数十种不同的观点,目前造成了一种混乱的局面。本文对文献史学界关于春秋史分期研究的成果和相关文献资料进行系统梳理、分类和归纳以了解研究历史、现状、存在的问题和解决方法,总结文献史料反映的春秋史分期和特征,提出将春秋史分为初期(前770—前680年)、早期(前680—前597年)、中期(前597—前530年)、晚期(前530—前453年),并概括了各期的特点。

The Spring and Autumn period, the transition period, is extremely important in the history of China. The traditional political, economic, military, and cultural thoughts since Xia, Shang and Western Zhou dynasties have undergone dramatic changes in this period. In order to understand the process of change, the scholars put forward dozens of different views on the age and stage classification of the Spring and Autumn period, resulting in a chaotic situation at present. This paper systematically classifies and sums up these research results and relevant literature to understand the research history, status, problems and solutions.We propose that the history of the Spring and Autumn period is divided into four stages: initial(770 B. C.-680 B.C.), early(680 B.C.-597 B.C.), middle(597 B.C.-530 B.C.) and late(530 B.C.-453 B.C.), and summarizes the characteristics of each stage.